Ever since, phase-contrast microscopy has been an important field of optical microscopy. The application of his knowledge to microscopy won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953. The principle of phase-contrast imaging in general was developed by Frits Zernike during his work with diffraction gratings and visible light. Since then, X-rays were used as an invaluable tool to non-destructively determine the inner structure of different objects, although the information was for a long time obtained by measuring the transmitted intensity of the waves only, and the phase information was not accessible.
He was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901 "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him". He found out that the "new kind of rays" had the ability to penetrate materials opaque for visible light, and he thus recorded the first X-ray image, displaying the hand of his wife. The first to discover X-rays was Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in 1895, which is the reason why they are even today sometimes referred to as "Röntgen rays". 4 Phase-contrast x-ray imaging in medicine.3.2 Grating Bonse-Hart (interferometry).The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below). In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, phase contrast X-ray imaging is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. In addition to producing projection images, phase contrast X-ray imaging, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. However, in phase contrast X-ray imaging, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.
Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity ( attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. For more information, see also the related pages.X-ray absorption (left) and differential phase-contrast (right) image of an in-ear headphone obtained with a grating interferometer at 60kVp We hope that you have found the information about Used Xray Equipment Medical Imaging Used Affordablexraycom that interests you.
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